Weed and type of weeds

Since time immemorial, plants which comprises of different type of weeds are a valuable heritage given by nature to humans. There are more than three millions species of plants (weed) all over the world. Out of these, about three thousand castes are financially beneficial for mankind, along with the other species of plants of economic importance as well as some other plants that grow and compete. These are unnecessary and adversely affect human activities while being harmful to humans and animals.

The growth of such plants is certainly a matter of concern. The rise in consumption is a serious problem in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Fertilizers, irrigation, and multiple harvests in intensive farming. The problem of weeds has increased with the use of farming etc. Weeds are also found in unnatural areas such as aquatic environments, forests, railway lines, roadways, airports, industrial locations, and places of beauty.

Meaning of Weed (Unwanted plant)

A plant that grows on its own without sowing it in unwanted places and causing damage to the crop in various ways, is called a weed.

Such as the wild oat plant that grows in the wheat crop

According to Peter,

“a plant which has a greater ability to harm than its lath is known as a weed.”

In Bill’s words,

“a plant that should not grow at that place is called a weed.”

Weed is an unwanted plant that grows rapidly in the fields and other places without sowing and reduces the yield by suppressing the growth of nearby plants. Yield weeds are unwanted plants but not all unwanted term weeds are.

Is an important fact: Such plants, which are known as weeds, adversely affect human activities. Weeds are found growing anytime in a cropped field, street grocery, bang orchards, parks, etc.

Examples of weeds based on lifecycle

One-year Weeds: Anagallis arvensis, Commelina henghalensis

Biennial weeds:

Perennial Weed: Cyperus rotundus Convolvulus arvensis, Cyuodon dactylon

Weed Paddy of Kharif crops – Motha, Wild Paddy, Samwa, Kaundo, Bhangachha, Kanakua. Mecca – Hazardana, Mautha, Gumma, Baru, Dube Chaulai. Soyabean, Moog, Arhar, Groundnut Hazardana, Chaulai, Dube, Moutha Gumma, Hulhul.

Weeds of Rabi crops are gram, pea, potato, mustard – matri, gagla, krishnil, kantili, onajee, dube, moutha, and batua. Wheat Chatri – Matri Munmun Moutha, Sanji, Hirankhuri, Krishnil Dube, Bathua. Barsim Krishnil, Kantili, Dub, Mautha, and Kasni.

Main Characteristics of Weeds – Key features of Weeds

1. Some weeds have very high seed production capacity: For example, a plant of Bathua produces about 70, 0XN) seeds in a year.
2. Weed seeds germinate quickly and rapidly: Germination of seeds of weeds encourages growth. The temperature of 50 – 22 ° C and Kharif 22 ° C and 19 ° C – 30 ° C is suitable for weeds of Kharif for Rabi crops and weeds found therein.
3. Some weeds grow large and grow: For example, roots of cane and deer weeds reach a depth of up to 7 meters in the ground.
4. Some weeds are similar to crop plants, so it becomes difficult to identify weeds and crop plants. Like the wild oat plant in the wheat crop.
5. Weed plant Along with any crop plants, space, light, air, nutrient some weed comes. As with the plants, the soil element competes for soil moisture.
6. The size and color of the seeds of some weeds are the seeds of the crop plant, so it is not easy to differentiate.
7. They are tough by nature and can grow in adverse conditions
8. Pests and diseases have less effect on the weed plant.
9. Some weeds are deodorant and toxic such as Datura and HulHul.
10. The seeds of some weeds have feathers, hair, and thorns which help propagate their seeds. Examples: Aka, Satanashi, Wheat, etc.

Factors Affecting Crop Weed Competition

There is a struggle for solar energy, air, space, time, soil moisture, nutrients, and oxygen in crop plants and weeds. There is no conflict between any two plants as long as there is the availability of more nutrients, water, and solar energy than they need. Conflict starts when any one factor is less than necessary.

Thus, if the soil is rich in nutrients and water, then the growth of plants depends on light. In the excess of water and light and lack of nutrients, the struggle for the supply of nutrients in weeds and crop plants begins. In this way, the struggle of weeds along with the crop plant for solar-oozy, air, nutrient space and soil moisture, etc. is called Crop-weed competition.

Many factors affect crop-weed competition, including soil moisture. Nutrients, supply of solar energy, space, time, and oxygen are important.

A brief description of these factors is as follows.

1. Nutrients: The struggle for nutrients is very important in crop weed competition. Weeds compete with crop plants for essential nutrients in plant growth. In the event of deficiency of any element, the competition between the crops and weeds starts to pick up the element from which the crop is harvested. Growth and yield are adversely affected. According to an assessment, the weeds take up nutrients required for the growth of crops, such as nitrogen – 47%, phosphorus 42% potassium 55% Calcium 39%, and magnesium 24. The species of Chaulai weeds often accumulate more than 30% nitrogen in their dry matter. 13% potassium is found in the dry matter of Bathua and Kulfa weeds. Weeds produce dry matter up to 1 – 10 t / ha. Tissue 55% Calcium Weed according to essential nutrients eg
2. Soil moisture: Soil moisture is an important factor affecting the interruption between crops and weeds in general. The situation becomes even more severe due to moisture in dry and rough lands. In general, weeds request more water than crop plants. That is why the actual evap-transpiration is more than the weed-free field in the dry agricultural areas than the weed-free field. Generally, weeds mainly from the depth of the first 15 cm of the soil and up to a depth of 90 cm receive moisture from the soil.
3. Solar-energy: Like other factors, solar energy from the sun also affects crop weed competition. The height of the weed plants is a major factor that conflicts with crop plants for using solar energy. In the presence of abundant moisture and nutrients in the soil and solar energy, weeds grow more than crop plants, and their height increases rapidly. Competition by weeds for solar energy starts with the seedling of crops. It is an important fact that when the shade of one plant falls on another plant, there is no benefit even if there is more light.